A landscape evolution observatory (LEO) is a scientific facility where researchers study and observe the processes that shape and transform Earth's surface over time. These observatories typically consist of large-scale experimental sites or field stations equipped with a variety of monitoring devices and instruments to track changes in topography, erosion, sediment transport, and other geomorphic processes. LEOs are used to investigate questions related to landform development, erosion rates, watershed dynamics, and the impacts of human activities on landscape evolution. Researchers at LEOs may use tools such as LiDAR scanning, GPS technology, soil sensors, and remote sensing to collect data and monitor changes in the landscape over time. Overall, landscape evolution observatories provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between geology, climate, vegetation, and human activities that shape Earth's surface and inform models for predicting future landscape changes.